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Held by 631 of 2,417 reporting institutions (99th percentile) — extremely crowded.
Data as of Q3 2026
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Total shares institutions bought (green) vs sold (red) each quarter across all holders.
Inferred from quarter-over-quarter change in each fund's 13F position (new stakes count as buys, exits as sells). Not tick-level trades.
Total return (dividends reinvested) vs the market, from quarter-end prices.
Above 0 = ahead of the S&P 500 since the window start; below 0 = behind. Rising means it's pulling ahead.
How far the stock fell below its prior peak. Deeper, longer drawdowns = a rougher ride to the same return.
Quarter-end, dividend-adjusted (total return). Beta & volatility from quarterly returns (annualized). Benchmark is the S&P 500 (SPY total return). Annual returns compound the quarters ending in each calendar year; the first and last years in a window may be partial. Past performance doesn't predict future results.
Ranked against 3 sector peers with collected financials. Valuation from latest close × latest fiscal-year fundamentals; 13F conviction as of 2026-09-30.
Percentile is “goodness” within the peer set (100 = best). For valuation and leverage that means cheaper / less-levered ranks higher.
| Company | Mkt cap ▼ | P/E | EV/EBITDA | P/S | Rev gr | Gross | Net | ROE | ROIC | Net D/EBITDA | 13F |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UNP | $179.4B | 25.2× | 17.2× | 7.3× | 1.1% | — | 29.1% | 38.7% | 13.8% | 2.6× | 1,021 |
| CSX | $96.8B | 33.9× | 18.6× | 6.9× | -3.1% | — | 20.5% | 22.0% | 9.0% | 3.0× | 661 |
| NSC | $76.9B | 26.8× | 16.1× | 6.3× | 0.5% | — | 23.6% | 18.5% | 8.8% | 2.7× | 631 |
| FIP | $339M | — | 28.9× | 0.7× | 51.6% | — | -30.3% | -713% | -4.0% | — | 17 |
Peers = companies sharing NSC's sector (Railroads, Line-Haul Operating) with collected SEC financials. Multiples use the most recent end-of-day close and latest fiscal-year fundamentals (trailing, not forward). Missing cells mean the peer never reported that line item, has no collected price, or has a non-positive denominator. Not investment advice.
Last reported position per insider, carried forward. Steps can be a holding disclosed for the first time rather than a trade.
| Date | Insider | What it was | Shares | Price | Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-10-24 | 3 co-filers EVP & CIDO | Option exercise | 3,259 | $0.00 | $0 |
| 2026-10-24 | 3 co-filers Chief Operating Officer | Option exercise | 653 | $0.00 | $0 |
| 2026-10-24 | 3 co-filers EVP & CIDO | Tax withholding | 1,338 | $332.09 | $444k |
| 2026-10-24 | 3 co-filers Chief Operating Officer | Tax withholding | 117 | $332.09 | $39k |
| 2026-10-24 |
Every row is classified by what it MEANT, not by its SEC code. A code is not a meaning: code P (“purchase”) also covers dividend reinvestment and employee stock purchase plans, and code S (“sale”) also covers 10b5-1 plan sales scheduled months earlier and option exercises sold the same day.
Across 30 days of all filings, $5.08bn of insider selling contained $3.50bn of plan sales and $0.46bn of exercise-and-sell. Only 29% was discretionary. Reading an unclassified feed badly overstates how much insiders decided.
Buys and sales are counted separately and never netted. They are different decisions by different people; a company where one officer bought while another sold is not “neutral”.
The holding line carries each insider's last reported position forward, so it shows the total held rather than a sawtooth of whoever traded that day. It covers only insiders who filed in the window.
“Filed late” counts calendar days past the two-business-day deadline with five days' grace, so a Thursday or Friday trade crossing a weekend is never flagged. It describes the company's filing discipline, not the trade.
Insider activity is descriptive. Nothing here is investment advice.
| Option exercise |
| 3,259 |
| — |
| — |
| 2026-10-24 | 3 co-filers Chief Operating Officer | Option exercise | 653 | — | — |
| 2026-10-08 | Huffard John C Jr Director | Otherindirect | 333 | $0.00 | $0 |
| 2026-09-30 | Anderson Richard H Director | Grant | 178 | $309.00 | — |
| 2026-09-30 | Huffard John C Jr Director | Grant | 172 | $309.00 | — |
| 2026-09-13 | 3 co-filers President & CEO | Option exercise | 2,653 | $0.00 | $0 |
| 2026-09-13 | 3 co-filers President & CEO | Tax withholding | 1,035 | $323.30 | $335k |
| 2026-09-13 | 3 co-filers President & CEO | Option exercise | 2,653 | — | — |
| 2026-08-20 | Ryerkerk Lori Director | Grant | 3 | $347.90 | — |
| 2026-08-20 | 2 co-filers Group filing | Grant | 12 | $346.62 | — |
| 2026-08-20 | Donadio Marcela E Director | Grant | 34 | $347.90 | — |
| 2026-08-20 | Debiase Francesca A. Director | Grant | 8 | $347.90 | — |
| 2026-08-20 | Davidson Phillip S Director | Grant | 10 | $347.90 | — |
| 2026-08-20 | Clyburn William Jr. Director | Grant | 7 | $347.90 | — |
| 2026-08-20 | 2 co-filers Group filing | Grant | 7 | $346.62 | — |
| 2026-08-20 | Lamphere Gilbert H Director | Grant | 2 | $347.90 | — |
| 2026-08-20 | Jones Christopher T Director | Grant | 20 | $347.90 | — |
| 2026-08-20 | Heitkamp Mary Kathryn Director | Grant | 7 | $347.90 | — |
| 2026-08-20 | Fahmy Sameh Director | Grant | 7 | $347.90 | — |
| 2026-08-20 | 2 co-filers Group filing | Grant | 20 | $347.90 | — |
| 2026-08-20 | 2 co-filers Group filing | Grant | 9 | $347.90 | — |
| 2026-07-27 | Barr Brian Chief Operating Officer | Grant | 1,456 | — | — |
| 2026-06-30 | Anderson Richard H Director | Grant | 251 | $314.59 | — |
| 2026-06-30 | Huffard John C Jr Director | Grant | 168 | $314.59 | — |
| 2026-05-20 | Clyburn William Jr. Director | Grant | 8 | $315.38 | — |
| 2026-05-20 | 2 co-filers Group filing | Grant | 13 | $311.84 | — |
| 2026-05-20 | Ryerkerk Lori Director | Grant | 3 | $315.38 | — |
| 2026-05-20 | Lamphere Gilbert H Director | Grant | 3 | $315.38 | — |
| 2026-05-20 | Jones Christopher T Director | Grant | 22 | $315.38 | — |
| 2026-05-20 | Heitkamp Mary Kathryn Director | Grant | 8 | $315.38 | — |
| 2026-05-20 | Fahmy Sameh Director | Grant | 8 | $315.38 | — |
| 2026-05-20 | Donadio Marcela E Director | Grant | 37 | $315.38 | — |
| 2026-05-20 | Debiase Francesca A. Director | Grant | 9 | $315.38 | — |
| 2026-05-20 | Davidson Phillip S Director | Grant | 11 | $315.38 | — |
| 2026-05-20 | 2 co-filers Group filing | Grant | 7 | $311.84 | — |
| 2026-05-20 | 2 co-filers Group filing | Grant | 22 | $315.38 | — |
Solve the discounted cash flow backwards, then stress-test the assumptions.
Average free cash flow across the last 3 positive fiscal years (FY2023, FY2024, FY2025). Smooths the cycle. Stock compensation is NOT charged — it is added back inside operating cash flow.
To be worth $342.19 today, the market must believe free cash flow compounds 18.5%/yr for a decade (off $1.56B on the 3-yr avg basis).
On the basis ($1.51B) the requirement is 18.9%/yr. Shares issued to employees are added back in operating cash flow, so this basis treats them as free.
The market's 18.5% is more optimistic than its 9-yr track record.
Default is 8.4% — this company's computed cost of capital (computed WACC), the same rate the Analysis tab discounts at.
2-stage DCF · 0.22B shares (market data) · net debt $15.56B
mean 16.0% · volatility σ 43% · implied rate exceeded in 4/9 yrs
Central path = implied 18.5%/yr growth; shaded band = ±1σ (43%) of this company's historical FCF volatility, widening with time. The wider the band, the less certain the growth.
Reverse DCF: rather than guessing a fair value, we solve for the growth the current price implies, then you stress-test the assumptions. Enterprise value of the FCF stream, less net debt, ÷ shares. Educational — not a recommendation.
Top 40 institutional holders — bubble size is position value, color is the move since last quarter. Hover any holder for detail.
Drag any bubble to rearrange · size = dollar value of the position
What the company returns to shareholders — and whether it's covered by cash.
The dividend is comfortably covered — only 56% of free cash flow, leaving room to grow it and fund buybacks. Last year: $1.22B dividends + $534.0M buybacks = $1.75B returned on $2.16B FCF.
1 consecutive years of dividend increases · 9%/yr.
Yields use the latest fiscal-year dividends/buybacks over current market cap. Dividends and buybacks from the SEC cash-flow statement; payout coverage vs net income and free cash flow. Educational — not a recommendation.
How management deployed cash over 10 years — and what it earned on reinvestment.
A balanced mix of reinvestment and shareholder returns.
Modest payoff on reinvested capital. Current ROIC on all capital: 9%. Rough measure (includes maintenance capex).
Cash uses aggregated from the SEC cash-flow statement over 10 fiscal years. "Return on reinvestment" is a rough proxy — operating-income change ÷ cumulative CapEx + M&A — and includes maintenance capex. Educational — not a recommendation.
EOD close · as of 2026-10-29
Where each multiple sits in its own 14-yr range · 98th pct blended
Dot = today · shaded = middle 50% · line = median. Lower percentile = cheaper vs its own 14-yr history.
Is the profit real, and how strong is the balance sheet?
FY2025 · every deduction from revenue to net income
DuPont — the three levers
ROE 18% against ROIC 9% — 10% of the return on equity comes from leverage and buybacks rather than from the operating business.
What the company owes vs. what it holds
This shows debt/cash structure and net leverage. The year-by-year maturity schedule is on the Debt & Leverage tab.
Latest year: profit growth vs revenue growth
Operating leverage needs meaningful revenue change.
Each line as % of revenue — the trend in color
| % of revenue | FY2018 | FY2019 | FY2020 | FY2021 | FY2022 | FY2023 | FY2024 | FY2025 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Operating Income | 34.6 | 35.3 | 30.7 | 39.9 | 37.7 | 23.5 | 33.6 | 35.8 |
| Income Tax | 7.0 | 6.8 | 5.3 | 7.8 | 6.7 | 4.1 | 5.8 | 6.5 |
| Net Income | 23.3 | 24.1 | 20.6 | 27.0 | 25.7 | 15.0 | 21.6 | 23.6 |
Green = margin-favorable vs the row's own range · red = unfavorable.
The metrics that matter, over time
A 30-second read on NSC: price, valuation and headline fundamentals from SEC filings. The four questions at the top of the page are where the judgements live.
How much the company owes, how it's trended, and how comfortably it's serviced.
Cash of $1.53B covers the $0 due within a year 1530000000.0× over. Scheduled principal only (excludes interest & revolver draws). As of 2025-12-31 (10-K).
Green ≤ 1.5× · amber ≤ 3× · red > 3× (leverage relative to cash earnings).
Coverage is adequate but not comfortable. Effective rate ~4.6% on $17.09B of debt.
Cash of $1.53B fully covers short-term debt of $607.0M.
Mostly short-term debt (balance-sheet current vs non-current split). See the maturity ladder above for the year-by-year repayment schedule.
Debt, cash, interest and equity from the SEC balance sheet & income statement. Effective rate = interest ÷ average debt. Maturity ladder from the SEC long-term-debt repayment schedule. Educational — not a recommendation.
Earns 2.41pts above its cost of capital, but net margin has stepped down from 2565.71% to 2358.78% over 3 years.
| Period | ROIC | Cost of capital | Spread |
|---|---|---|---|
| FY2019 | 11.4% | 8.4% (today's — no rate published for this year) | 3.0pts |
| FY2020 | 8.8% | 8.4% (today's — no rate published for this year) | 0.3pts |
| FY2021 | 12.8% | 6.2% | 6.6pts |
| FY2022 | 13.7% | 7.6% | 6.2pts |
| FY2023 | 7.7% | 8.0% | -0.3pts |
| FY2024 | 10.5% | 8.6% | 1.9pts |
| FY2025 | 10.8% | 7.8% | 3.1pts |
| Now | 8.8% | 8.4% | 0.4pts |
| Fiscal year | Gross margin | Operating margin | Net margin |
|---|---|---|---|
| FY2016 | not reported | 30.4% | 16.9% |
| FY2017 | not reported | 33.4% | 51.2% |
| FY2018 | not reported | 34.6% | 23.3% |
| FY2019 | not reported | 35.3% | 24.1% |
| FY2020 | not reported | 30.7% | 20.6% |
| FY2021 | not reported | 39.9% | 27.0% |
| FY2022 | not reported | 37.7% | 25.7% |
| FY2023 | not reported | 23.5% | 15.0% |
| FY2024 | not reported | 33.6% | 21.6% |
| FY2025 | not reported | 35.8% | 23.6% |
Leverage and buybacks account for 10 points of the 18% return on equity in FY2025. The business earns 9% on the capital it employs; the rest is balance sheet.
ROE is on average equity; ROIC is NOPAT over average invested capital (debt plus equity less excess cash). The gap is not a single adjustment.
Net margin is 2358.78% against 2565.71% 3 years ago — a step down the business has not recovered, whatever the spread says today.
Cash conversion of 0.70x sits below the level that would make the earnings clearly cash-backed.
Conversion has deteriorated: 0.62x over three years against 0.70x over 5.
Covers interest 3.9x under stress — adequate, without much room.
| EBITDA decline | Interest coverage |
|---|---|
| 0% | 5.50x |
| 5% | 5.22x |
| 10% | 4.95x |
| 15% | 4.67x |
| 20% | 4.40x |
| 25% | 4.12x |
| 30% | 3.85x |
| 35% | 3.58x |
| 40% | 3.30x |
| 45% | 3.02x |
| 50% | 2.75x |
| 55% | 2.47x |
| 60% | 2.20x |
Ladder as of 2025-12-31 (10-K); cash from the 2025-12-31 balance sheet; FCF from FY2025.
Balance sheet at 2025-12-31. Undrawn revolving credit is not shown: the tag is collected but not yet mapped through to the API.
Coverage is comfortable at 5.5x today but falls to 3.9x after a 30% EBITDA decline — the cushion is earnings, not liquidity.
At $342.19, free cash flow must compound 18.54%/yr for 10 years. It has done 2.38%/yr over 6 years.
| Fiscal year | FCF growth | Price requires |
|---|---|---|
| FY2020 | 14.4% | 18.5% |
| FY2021 | 30.0% | 18.5% |
| FY2022 | −18.3% | 18.5% |
| FY2023 | −62.5% | 18.5% |
| FY2024 | 96.1% | 18.5% |
| FY2025 | 29.1% | 18.5% |
The percentile ranks the FISCAL-YEAR point, because the distribution behind each strip is built from fiscal-year closes — ranking a TTM figure inside it would compare two different bases. TTM basis: TTM.
The implied rate has been matched or beaten in 3 of the last 6 years.
| Step | Amount | Running total |
|---|---|---|
| Net income | $2.87B | $2.87B |
| Share-based comp | $63M | $2.94B |
| Other non-cash & working capital | $1.43B | $4.36B |
| Operating cash flow | $4.36B | $4.36B |
| Capex | −$2.20B | $2.16B |
| Free cash flow | $2.16B | $2.16B |
| FCF after SBC | $2.09B | $2.09B |
| Fiscal year | Revenue growth | Receivables growth | Gap |
|---|---|---|---|
| FY2020 | -13.3% | -7.8% | 5.5 points |
| FY2021 | 13.8% | 15.1% | 1.3 points |
| FY2022 | 14.4% | 17.6% | 3.2 points |
| FY2023 | -4.6% | -0.1% | 4.5 points |
| FY2024 | -0.3% | -6.8% | -6.5 points |
| FY2025 | 0.5% | -7.6% | -8.1 points |
| Fiscal year | DSO | DIO | DPO | Cash conversion cycle |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FY2019 | 29.7 days | not reported | not reported | not reported |
| FY2020 | 31.6 days | not reported | not reported | not reported |
| FY2021 | 32 days | not reported | not reported | not reported |
| FY2022 | 32.9 days | not reported | not reported | not reported |
| FY2023 | 34.4 days | not reported | not reported | not reported |
| FY2024 | 32.2 days | not reported | not reported | not reported |
| FY2025 | 29.6 days | not reported | not reported | not reported |
| Fiscal year | Accruals / assets |
|---|---|
| FY2019 | -3.1 percent |
| FY2020 | -4.3 percent |
| FY2021 | -3.3 percent |
| FY2022 | -2.5 percent |
| FY2023 | -3.3 percent |
| FY2024 | -3.3 percent |
| FY2025 | -3.3 percent |
Below the line, the asset base is being consumed faster than it is replaced.
Depreciation here includes amortisation of acquired intangibles — goodwill written down over time, customer lists, acquired technology. Capex does not replace those and is not meant to, so an acquisitive or asset-light company sits below 1.0 permanently and correctly. The signal is cleanest for capital-intensive businesses, where the two measure the same physical base. For that reason this informs the earnings-quality verdict but never caps it.
SBC is added back inside operating cash flow, so reported free cash flow treats shares issued to employees as free. Percent of revenue says how expensive the payroll is; percent of operating cash flow says how much of the cash exists only because the charge was added back. The buyback offset is buybacks over SBC — below 1.0 the repurchase does not cover the shares issued.
Figures are the latest fiscal year (FY2025) from the company's own filings, not a trailing-twelve-month window — Q2 reads fiscal years throughout so the cash-conversion ratios and these share one basis. A blank is a line the filer did not report; it is never read as zero.
EOD close · as of 2026-10-29
How a revenue dollar becomes profit — FY2025
Dividends and buybacks are cash paid out, shown here against the same year's profit for scale — not funded from it.
Each value shows its share of revenue below it (common-size).
| Line Item | FY2025 | FY2024 | FY2023 | FY2022 | FY2021 | FY2020 | FY2019 | FY2018 | FY2017 | FY2016 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue | $12.18B 100.0% | $12.12B 100.0% | $12.16B 100.0% | $12.74B 100.0% | $11.14B 100.0% | $9.79B 100.0% | $11.30B 100.0% | $11.46B 100.0% | $10.55B 100.0% | $9.89B 100.0% |
| Total Operating Expenses | $7.82B 64.2% | $8.05B 66.4% | $9.30B 76.5% | $7.94B 62.3% | $6.70B 60.1% | $6.79B 69.3% | $7.31B 64.7% | $7.50B 65.4% | $7.03B 66.6% | $6.88B 69.6% |
| Operating Income | $4.36B 35.8% | $4.07B 33.6% | $2.85B 23.5% | $4.81B 37.7% | $4.45B 39.9% | $3.00B 30.7% | $3.99B 35.3% | $3.96B 34.6% | $3.52B 33.4% | $3.01B 30.4% |
| Interest Expense | $792.0M 6.5% | $807.0M 6.7% | $722.0M 5.9% | $692.0M 5.4% | $646.0M 5.8% | $625.0M 6.4% | $604.0M 5.3% | $557.0M 4.9% | $550.0M 5.2% | $563.0M 5.7% |
| Interest & Investment Income | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | $13.0M 0.1% | $10.0M 0.1% |
| Other Income (Expense), net | $101.0M 0.8% | $65.0M 0.5% | $191.0M 1.6% | $13.0M 0.1% | $77.0M 0.7% | $153.0M 1.6% | $106.0M 0.9% | $67.0M 0.6% | $156.0M 1.5% | $136.0M 1.4% |
| Pretax Income | $3.67B 30.1% | $3.33B 27.5% | $2.32B 19.1% | $4.13B 32.4% | $3.88B 34.8% | $2.53B 25.8% | $3.49B 30.9% | $3.47B 30.3% | $3.13B 29.6% | $2.58B 26.1% |
| Income Tax Expense | $792.0M 6.5% | $707.0M 5.8% | $493.0M 4.1% | $860.0M 6.7% | $873.0M 7.8% | $517.0M 5.3% | $769.0M 6.8% | $803.0M 7.0% | -$2.28B -21.6% | $914.0M 9.2% |
| Net Income | $2.87B 23.6% | $2.62B 21.6% | $1.83B 15.0% | $3.27B 25.7% | $3.00B 27.0% | $2.01B 20.6% | $2.72B 24.1% | $2.67B 23.3% | $5.40B 51.2% | $1.67B 16.9% |
| Per Share | ||||||||||
| EPS (Basic) | $12.76 | $11.58 | $8.04 | $13.92 | $12.16 | $7.88 | $10.32 | $9.58 | $18.76 | $5.66 |
| EPS (Diluted) | $12.75 | $11.57 | $8.02 | $13.88 | $12.11 | $7.84 | $10.25 | $9.51 | $18.61 | $5.62 |
| Weighted Avg Shares (Basic) | 225.0M | 226.1M | 226.9M | 234.8M | 246.9M | 255.1M | 263.3M | 277.7M | 287.9M | 293.9M |
| Weighted Avg Shares (Diluted) | 225.3M | 226.4M | 227.4M | 235.6M | 248.1M | 256.6M | 265.6M | 280.2M | 290.3M | 296.0M |
Source: SEC EDGAR XBRL filings (annual, fiscal year). Quarterly flow items are derived from cumulative filings; balance-sheet figures are as-of each period end. Ratios and margins are computed, not reported.