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Data as of Q3 2026
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What the company returns to shareholders — and whether it's covered by cash.
No dividend to cover. Last year: $786K dividends + $105.2M buybacks = $105.9M returned on $229.5M FCF.
Yields use the latest fiscal-year dividends/buybacks over current market cap. Dividends and buybacks from the SEC cash-flow statement; payout coverage vs net income and free cash flow. Educational — not a recommendation.
How management deployed cash over 10 years — and what it earned on reinvestment.
A reinvestment story — most cash went back into growth rather than to shareholders.
Modest payoff on reinvested capital. Current ROIC on all capital: 4%. Rough measure (includes maintenance capex).
Cash uses aggregated from the SEC cash-flow statement over 10 fiscal years. "Return on reinvestment" is a rough proxy — operating-income change ÷ cumulative CapEx + M&A — and includes maintenance capex. Educational — not a recommendation.
Solve the discounted cash flow backwards, then stress-test the assumptions.
The same 3 years as the 3-yr average, with the stock compensation of those years charged as a cost. Shares issued to employees are real dilution, so this asks what the business generates for existing holders.
To be worth $44.93 today, the market must believe free cash flow compounds 6.5%/yr for a decade (off $150.7M on the SBC-adjusted basis).
On the basis ($201.4M) the requirement is 2.7%/yr. The difference is what charging stock compensation costs.
The market's 6.5% is more conservative than its 9-yr track record.
Default is 9.2% — this company's computed cost of capital (computed WACC), the same rate the Analysis tab discounts at.
2-stage DCF · 0.04B shares (market data) · net debt $1.31B
mean 9.9% · volatility σ 12% · implied rate exceeded in 5/9 yrs
Central path = implied 6.5%/yr growth; shaded band = ±1σ (12%) of this company's historical FCF volatility, widening with time. The wider the band, the less certain the growth.
Reverse DCF: rather than guessing a fair value, we solve for the growth the current price implies, then you stress-test the assumptions. Enterprise value of the FCF stream, less net debt, ÷ shares. Educational — not a recommendation.
How much the company owes, how it's trended, and how comfortably it's serviced.
Cash of $127.0M covers the $13.8M due within a year 9.2× over. Scheduled principal only (excludes interest & revolver draws). As of 2023-11-30 (10-K).
Green ≤ 1.5× · amber ≤ 3× · red > 3× (leverage relative to cash earnings).
Coverage is adequate but not comfortable. Effective rate ~5.1% on $1.40B of debt.
Cash of $94.8M is below short-term debt of $359.2M — relies on refinancing/operations.
Mostly long-term debt (balance-sheet current vs non-current split). See the maturity ladder above for the year-by-year repayment schedule.
Debt, cash, interest and equity from the SEC balance sheet & income statement. Effective rate = interest ÷ average debt. Maturity ladder from the SEC long-term-debt repayment schedule. Educational — not a recommendation.
EOD close · as of 2026-10-29
How a revenue dollar becomes profit — FY2025
Dividends and buybacks are cash paid out, shown here against the same year's profit for scale — not funded from it. This year they exceeded net income, so the ribbons are capped at earnings and understate what was actually returned.
Each value shows its share of revenue below it (common-size).
| Line Item | FY2025 | FY2024 | FY2023 | FY2022 | FY2021 | FY2020 | FY2019 | FY2018 | FY2017 | FY2016 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue | $977.8M 100.0% | $753.4M 100.0% | $694.4M 100.0% | $602.0M 100.0% | $531.3M 100.0% | $442.1M 100.0% | $413.3M 100.0% | $379.0M 100.0% | $397.6M 100.0% | $405.3M 100.0% |
| Cost of Revenue | $187.6M 19.2% | $130.5M 17.3% | $126.6M 18.2% | $94.5M 15.7% | $78.4M 14.8% | $62.1M 14.0% | $75.2M 18.2% | $67.0M 17.7% | $69.2M 17.4% | $65.7M 16.2% |
| Cost of Services | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | $43.3M 10.9% | $44.8M 11.0% |
| Gross Profit | $790.3M 80.8% | $622.9M 82.7% | $567.9M 81.8% | $507.5M 84.3% | $452.9M 85.2% | $380.0M 86.0% | $338.1M 81.8% | $312.0M 82.3% | $320.0M 80.5% | $339.6M 83.8% |
| Selling, General & Admin | $108.2M 11.1% | $89.5M 11.9% | $83.2M 12.0% | $77.9M 12.9% | $65.1M 12.3% | $54.0M 12.2% | $53.4M 12.9% | $49.0M 12.9% | $45.7M 11.5% | $46.5M 11.5% |
| Total Operating Expenses | $637.0M 65.1% | $498.9M 66.2% | $457.3M 65.9% | $375.4M 62.4% | $336.8M 63.4% | $272.3M 61.6% | $298.0M 72.1% | $244.2M 64.4% | $262.5M 66.0% | $369.3M 91.1% |
| Operating Income | $153.3M 15.7% | $124.0M 16.5% | $110.5M 15.9% | $132.1M 21.9% | $116.1M 21.9% | $107.7M 24.4% | $40.1M 9.7% | $67.8M 17.9% | $57.5M 14.5% | -$29.7M -7.3% |
| Interest Expense | $70.8M 7.2% | $32.0M 4.2% | $30.8M 4.4% | $15.8M 2.6% | $20.0M 3.8% | $10.2M 2.3% | $9.9M 2.4% | $5.1M 1.4% | $4.6M 1.2% | $4.2M 1.0% |
| Other Income (Expense), net | -$71.7M -7.3% | -$29.7M -3.9% | -$30.9M -4.4% | -$14.9M -2.5% | -$20.6M -3.9% | -$11.1M -2.5% | -$11.6M -2.8% | -$7.0M -1.9% | -$5.0M -1.3% | -$5.6M -1.4% |
| Pretax Income | $81.6M 8.3% | $94.3M 12.5% | $79.7M 11.5% | $117.3M 19.5% | $95.5M 18.0% | $96.6M 21.9% | $28.5M 6.9% | $60.8M 16.0% | $52.5M 13.2% | -$35.3M -8.7% |
| Income Tax Expense | $8.5M 0.9% | $25.8M 3.4% | $9.5M 1.4% | $22.2M 3.7% | $17.1M 3.2% | $16.9M 3.8% | $2.1M 0.5% | $11.1M 2.9% | $23.4M 5.9% | $20.4M 5.0% |
| Net Income | $73.1M 7.5% | $68.4M 9.1% | $70.2M 10.1% | $95.1M 15.8% | $78.4M 14.8% | $79.7M 18.0% | $26.4M 6.4% | $49.7M 13.1% | $29.0M 7.3% | -$55.7M -13.7% |
| Per Share | ||||||||||
| EPS (Basic) | $1.70 | $1.58 | $1.62 | $2.19 | $1.79 | $1.78 | $0.59 | $1.09 | $0.60 | -$1.13 |
| EPS (Diluted) | $1.66 | $1.54 | $1.57 | $2.15 | $1.76 | $1.76 | $0.58 | $1.08 | $0.60 | -$1.13 |
| Weighted Avg Shares (Basic) | 43.0M | 43.3M | 43.5M | 43.5M | 43.9M | 44.9M | 44.8M | 45.6M | 48.1M | 49.5M |
| Weighted Avg Shares (Diluted) | 44.0M | 44.4M | 44.7M | 44.2M | 44.6M | 45.3M | 45.3M | 46.1M | 48.5M | 49.5M |
Source: SEC EDGAR XBRL filings (annual, fiscal year). Quarterly flow items are derived from cumulative filings; balance-sheet figures are as-of each period end. Ratios and margins are computed, not reported.
Ranked against 39 sector peers with collected financials. Valuation from latest close × latest fiscal-year fundamentals; 13F conviction as of 2026-09-30.
Percentile is “goodness” within the peer set (100 = best). For valuation and leverage that means cheaper / less-levered ranks higher.
| Company | Mkt cap ▼ | P/E | EV/EBITDA | P/S | Rev gr | Gross | Net | ROE | ROIC | Net D/EBITDA | 13F |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BRZE | $5.2B | — | — | 7.0× | 24.4% | 67.1% | -17.8% | -21.0% | -21.0% | — | 41 |
| CCC | $4.5B | — | — | 4.3× | 11.9% | 73.5% | 0.2% | 0.1% | 0.1% | — | 71 |
| BILL | $4.2B | — | — | 2.5× | 13.0% | 80.9% | -0.7% | -0.3% | -0.2% | — | 71 |
| FSLY | $4.1B | — | — | 6.5× | 14.8% | 57.1% | -19.5% | -13.1% | -9.4% | — | 48 |
| QTWO | $4.1B | 81.6× | 39.7× | 5.1× | 14.1% | 54.1% | 6.5% | 7.9% | 7.9% | -3.9× | 74 |
| MNDY | $4.0B | 42.3× | — | 3.3× | 26.7% | 89.2% | 9.6% | 9.5% | 9.5% | — | 37 |
| FRSH | $3.9B | 23.8× | 85.7× | 4.7× | 16.4% | 85.0% | 21.9% | 17.8% | 17.8% | -14.6× | 53 |
| AVPT | $3.7B | 115.7× | 88.5× | 8.8× | 26.9% | 74.1% | 8.3% | 7.3% | 7.3% | -13.3× | 41 |
| ALRM | $3.3B | 27.1× | 15.9× | 3.2× | 7.6% | 66.1% | 13.0% | 15.5% | 15.5% | -6.6× | 64 |
| TDC | $3.2B | 25.6× | 10.9× | 1.9× | -5.0% | 59.4% | 7.8% | 56.5% | 19.0% | -0.1× | 97 |
| SPSC | $3.1B | 34.9× | 21.1× | 4.1× | 17.8% | 69.2% | 12.4% | 9.6% | 9.6% | -1.1× | 69 |
| CLBT | $3.1B | 39.6× | 37.8× | 6.5× | 18.6% | 84.2% | 16.5% | 16.2% | 16.2% | -1.6× | 27 |
| INTA | $3.0B | — | — | 5.2× | 14.6% | 75.8% | -7.1% | -13.0% | -13.0% | — | 48 |
| VIA | $2.9B | — | — | 6.7× | 28.6% | 39.6% | -22.2% | -15.4% | -15.4% | — | 25 |
| ASAN | $2.6B | — | — | 3.3× | 9.2% | 89.0% | -23.9% | -123% | -97.0% | — | 40 |
| KC | $2.4B | — | 10.2× | 1.8× | 28.2% | 15.7% | -9.8% | -10.0% | -6.0% | 0.2× | 11 |
| BLKB | $2.4B | 22.2× | 17.2× | 2.1× | -2.3% | 58.8% | 10.2% | 135% | 9.6% | 5.3× | 59 |
| NCNO | $2.4B | 449.0× | 54.4× | 4.0× | 10.0% | 60.6% | 0.9% | 0.5% | 0.4% | 2.7× | 59 |
| PRCH | $2.4B | — | 44.6× | 4.9× | 10.2% | 70.5% | -0.7% | 13.7% | -0.9% | 5.7× | 29 |
| AMPL | $2.3B | — | — | 6.6× | 14.7% | 74.0% | -25.8% | -36.1% | -36.1% | — | 28 |
| BL | $2.0B | 86.4× | 27.1× | 2.8× | 7.2% | 75.2% | 3.5% | 7.4% | 7.4% | -6.7× | 53 |
| SOUN | $1.9B | — | — | 11.5× | 99.4% | 42.4% | -8.3% | -3.0% | -3.0% | — | 104 |
| PDFS | $1.9B | — | 196.2× | 8.8× | 22.0% | 72.3% | -0.3% | -0.2% | -0.2% | 2.5× | 51 |
| MQ | $1.9B | — | — | 3.0× | 23.3% | 70.0% | -2.2% | -1.8% | -1.8% | — | — |
| PRGS | $1.8B | 27.1× | 19.7× | 1.9× | 29.8% | 80.8% | 7.5% | 15.3% | 3.9% | 8.2× | 62 |
Peers = companies sharing PRGS's sector (Services-Prepackaged Software) with collected SEC financials. Multiples use the most recent end-of-day close and latest fiscal-year fundamentals (trailing, not forward). Missing cells mean the peer never reported that line item, has no collected price, or has a non-positive denominator. Not investment advice.
Total shares institutions bought (green) vs sold (red) each quarter across all holders.
Inferred from quarter-over-quarter change in each fund's 13F position (new stakes count as buys, exits as sells). Not tick-level trades.
Top 40 institutional holders — bubble size is position value, color is the move since last quarter. Hover any holder for detail.
Drag any bubble to rearrange · size = dollar value of the position
Last reported position per insider, carried forward. Steps can be a holding disclosed for the first time rather than a trade.
| Date | Insider | What it was | Shares | Price | Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-10-21 | Jarrett Loren EVP/GM Digital Experience | 10b5-1 plan sale | 2,086 | $43.47 | $91k |
| 2026-10-16 | 2 co-filers Chief Financial Officer | 10b5-1 plan sale | 1,700 | $40.09 | $68k |
| 2026-10-16 | 2 co-filers Chief Financial Officer | 10b5-1 plan sale | 1,367 | $40.69 | $56k |
| 2026-10-05 | Wang Yufan Stephanie Chief Legal Officer | 10b5-1 plan sale | 1,245 | $37.00 | $46k |
| 2026-10-01 |
Every row is classified by what it MEANT, not by its SEC code. A code is not a meaning: code P (“purchase”) also covers dividend reinvestment and employee stock purchase plans, and code S (“sale”) also covers 10b5-1 plan sales scheduled months earlier and option exercises sold the same day.
Across 30 days of all filings, $5.08bn of insider selling contained $3.50bn of plan sales and $0.46bn of exercise-and-sell. Only 29% was discretionary. Reading an unclassified feed badly overstates how much insiders decided.
Buys and sales are counted separately and never netted. They are different decisions by different people; a company where one officer bought while another sold is not “neutral”.
The holding line carries each insider's last reported position forward, so it shows the total held rather than a sawtooth of whoever traded that day. It covers only insiders who filed in the window.
“Filed late” counts calendar days past the two-business-day deadline with five days' grace, so a Thursday or Friday trade crossing a weekend is never flagged. It describes the company's filing discipline, not the trade.
Insider activity is descriptive. Nothing here is investment advice.
9 co-filers Chief Accounting Officer |
| Option exercise |
| 807 |
| $0.00 |
| $0 |
| 2026-10-01 | 9 co-filers Chief Executive Officer | Option exercise | 7,349 | $0.00 | $0 |
| 2026-10-01 | 9 co-filers EVP/GM Digital Experience | Option exercise | 1,168 | $0.00 | $0 |
| 2026-10-01 | 9 co-filers Chief Legal Officer | Option exercise | 1,038 | $0.00 | $0 |
| 2026-10-01 | 9 co-filers EVP/GM Infrastructure Mgmt | Option exercise | 1,168 | $0.00 | $0 |
| 2026-10-01 | 9 co-filers EVP/GM App & Data Platform | Option exercise | 1,168 | $0.00 | $0 |
| 2026-10-01 | 9 co-filers Chief Financial Officer | Option exercise | 2,464 | $0.00 | $0 |
| 2026-10-01 | 9 co-filers Chief Executive Officer | Tax withholding | 3,554 | $38.99 | $139k |
| 2026-10-01 | 9 co-filers EVP/GM Infrastructure Mgmt | Tax withholding | 519 | $38.99 | $20k |
| 2026-10-01 | 9 co-filers EVP/GM App & Data Platform | Tax withholding | 519 | $38.99 | $20k |
| 2026-10-01 | 9 co-filers Chief Financial Officer | Tax withholding | 1,093 | $38.99 | $43k |
| 2026-10-01 | 9 co-filers Chief Legal Officer | Tax withholding | 461 | $38.99 | $18k |
| 2026-10-01 | 9 co-filers EVP/GM Digital Experience | Tax withholding | 565 | $38.99 | $22k |
| 2026-10-01 | 9 co-filers Chief Accounting Officer | Tax withholding | 237 | $38.99 | $9k |
| 2026-10-01 | 9 co-filers Chief Financial Officer | Option exercise | 3,049 | $0.00 | $0 |
| 2026-10-01 | 9 co-filers EVP/GM Digital Experience | Option exercise | 1,709 | $0.00 | $0 |
| 2026-10-01 | 9 co-filers Chief Accounting Officer | Option exercise | 924 | $0.00 | $0 |
| 2026-10-01 | 9 co-filers Chief Legal Officer | Option exercise | 1,201 | $0.00 | $0 |
| 2026-10-01 | 9 co-filers EVP/GM Infrastructure Mgmt | Option exercise | 1,709 | $0.00 | $0 |
| 2026-10-01 | 9 co-filers Chief Executive Officer | Option exercise | 8,315 | $0.00 | $0 |
| 2026-10-01 | 9 co-filers EVP/GM App & Data Platform | Option exercise | 1,709 | $0.00 | $0 |
| 2026-10-01 | 9 co-filers Chief Executive Officer | Tax withholding | 4,021 | $38.99 | $157k |
| 2026-10-01 | 9 co-filers EVP/GM Digital Experience | Tax withholding | 827 | $38.99 | $32k |
| 2026-10-01 | 9 co-filers EVP/GM Infrastructure Mgmt | Tax withholding | 758 | $38.99 | $30k |
| 2026-10-01 | 9 co-filers Chief Financial Officer | Tax withholding | 1,353 | $38.99 | $53k |
| 2026-10-01 | 9 co-filers Chief Legal Officer | Tax withholding | 533 | $38.99 | $21k |
| 2026-10-01 | 9 co-filers Chief Accounting Officer | Tax withholding | 272 | $38.99 | $11k |
| 2026-10-01 | 9 co-filers EVP/GM App & Data Platform | Tax withholding | 758 | $38.99 | $30k |
| 2026-10-01 | 9 co-filers Chief Financial Officer | Option exercise | 4,678 | $0.00 | $0 |
| 2026-10-01 | 9 co-filers Chief Legal Officer | Option exercise | 1,696 | $0.00 | $0 |
| 2026-10-01 | 9 co-filers Chief Executive Officer | Option exercise | 11,579 | $0.00 | $0 |
| 2026-10-01 | 9 co-filers EVP/GM App & Data Platform | Option exercise | 2,222 | $0.00 | $0 |
| 2026-10-01 | 9 co-filers Chief Accounting Officer | Option exercise | 1,169 | $0.00 | $0 |
| 2026-10-01 | 9 co-filers EVP/GM Digital Experience | Option exercise | 2,222 | $0.00 | $0 |
| 2026-10-01 | 9 co-filers EVP/GM Infrastructure Mgmt | Option exercise | 2,222 | $0.00 | $0 |
| 2026-10-01 | 9 co-filers Chief Financial Officer | Tax withholding | 2,075 | $38.99 | $81k |
EOD close · as of 2026-10-29
Where each multiple sits in its own 14-yr range · 38th pct blended
Dot = today · shaded = middle 50% · line = median. Lower percentile = cheaper vs its own 14-yr history.
Is the profit real, and how strong is the balance sheet?
FY2025 · every deduction from revenue to net income
DuPont — the three levers
ROE 15% against ROIC 4% — 11% of the return on equity comes from leverage and buybacks rather than from the operating business.
What the company owes vs. what it holds
This shows debt/cash structure and net leverage. The year-by-year maturity schedule is on the Debt & Leverage tab.
Latest year: profit growth vs revenue growth
Low operating leverage — profit tracks sales closely (stable, less cyclical).
Each line as % of revenue — the trend in color
| % of revenue | FY2018 | FY2019 | FY2020 | FY2021 | FY2022 | FY2023 | FY2024 | FY2025 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cost of Revenue | 17.7 | 18.2 | 14.0 | 14.8 | 15.7 | 18.2 | 17.3 | 19.2 |
| Gross Profit | 82.3 | 81.8 | 86.0 | 85.2 | 84.3 | 81.8 | 82.7 | 80.8 |
| SG&A | 12.9 | 12.9 | 12.2 | 12.3 | 12.9 | 12.0 | 11.9 | 11.1 |
| Operating Income | 17.9 | 9.7 | 24.4 | 21.9 | 21.9 | 15.9 | 16.5 | 15.7 |
| Income Tax | 2.9 | 0.5 | 3.8 | 3.2 | 3.7 | 1.4 | 3.4 | 0.9 |
| Net Income | 13.1 | 6.4 | 18.0 | 14.8 | 15.8 | 10.1 | 9.1 | 7.5 |
Green = margin-favorable vs the row's own range · red = unfavorable.
The metrics that matter, over time
A 30-second read on PRGS: price, valuation and headline fundamentals from SEC filings. The four questions at the top of the page are where the judgements live.
Earns -1.67pts against its cost of capital — capital is being consumed, not created.
| Period | ROIC | Cost of capital | Spread |
|---|---|---|---|
| FY2019 | 7.0% | 9.2% (today's — no rate published for this year) | -2.2pts |
| FY2020 | 13.3% | 9.2% (today's — no rate published for this year) | 4.2pts |
| FY2021 | 11.3% | 5.2% | 6.1pts |
| FY2022 | 13.9% | 6.9% | 7.0pts |
| FY2023 | 8.4% | 8.0% | 0.4pts |
| FY2024 | 5.5% | 7.5% | -2.1pts |
| FY2025 | 7.0% | 7.4% | -0.4pts |
| Now | 3.9% | 9.2% | -5.3pts |
| Fiscal year | Gross margin | Operating margin | Net margin |
|---|---|---|---|
| FY2016 | 83.8% | -7.3% | -13.7% |
| FY2017 | 80.5% | 14.5% | 7.3% |
| FY2018 | 82.3% | 17.9% | 13.1% |
| FY2019 | 81.8% | 9.7% | 6.4% |
| FY2020 | 86.0% | 24.4% | 18.0% |
| FY2021 | 85.2% | 21.9% | 14.8% |
| FY2022 | 84.3% | 21.9% | 15.8% |
| FY2023 | 81.8% | 15.9% | 10.1% |
| FY2024 | 82.7% | 16.5% | 9.1% |
| FY2025 | 80.8% | 15.7% | 7.5% |
Leverage and buybacks account for 11 points of the 15% return on equity in FY2025. The business earns 4% on the capital it employs; the rest is balance sheet.
ROE is on average equity; ROIC is NOPAT over average invested capital (debt plus equity less excess cash). The gap is not a single adjustment.
$1.3B of goodwill — 77% of invested capital. The gap is what was paid above the fair value of what was bought; it is real capital shareholders provided, so neither bar is the whole answer. With goodwill over half the base, the ex-goodwill figure divides by a small remainder and moves sharply — read it as a direction, not a precise rate.
ROIC ex-goodwill is 31.88% against 7.48% reported — the return is earned on a capital base inflated by what was paid for acquisitions, not by the operating business alone.
Converts 2.54x of reported profit into free cash flow over 5 years, with accruals negative.
Reported free cash flow is $229M; after share-based compensation it is $165M. The difference is a real cost that the cash flow statement adds back.
Stressed coverage of 1.5x sits between comfortable and thin.
| EBITDA decline | Interest coverage |
|---|---|
| 0% | 2.16x |
| 5% | 2.06x |
| 10% | 1.95x |
| 15% | 1.84x |
| 20% | 1.73x |
| 25% | 1.62x |
| 30% | 1.51x |
| 35% | 1.41x |
| 40% | 1.30x |
| 45% | 1.19x |
| 50% | 1.08x |
| 55% | 0.97x |
| 60% | 0.87x |
This schedule comes from a filing dated 2023-11-30, 1065 days old. Maturities are shown relative to that date, not to today.
Ladder as of 2023-11-30 (10-K); cash from the 2023-11-30 balance sheet; FCF from FY2023.
Balance sheet at 2023-11-30. Undrawn revolving credit is not shown: the tag is collected but not yet mapped through to the API.
Net debt is 8.4x EBITDA, so coverage today depends on earnings holding up rather than on the balance sheet.
At $44.93, free cash flow must compound 6.65%/yr for 10 years. It has done 8.46%/yr over 6 years after stock compensation.
| Fiscal year | FCF growth | Price requires |
|---|---|---|
| FY2020 | 13.5% | 6.6% |
| FY2021 | 25.5% | 6.6% |
| FY2022 | 3.3% | 6.6% |
| FY2023 | −14.2% | 6.6% |
| FY2024 | 24.8% | 6.6% |
| FY2025 | 3.3% | 6.6% |
The percentile ranks the FISCAL-YEAR point, because the distribution behind each strip is built from fiscal-year closes — ranking a TTM figure inside it would compare two different bases. TTM basis: TTM.
This is solved on free cash flow AFTER stock compensation ($151M against $201M before it). On the unadjusted figure the requirement would be 2.79%/yr. Which is right depends on whether you think the share issuance is a recurring cost of running the business.
Total return (dividends reinvested) vs the market, from quarter-end prices.
Above 0 = ahead of the S&P 500 since the window start; below 0 = behind. Rising means it's pulling ahead.
How far the stock fell below its prior peak. Deeper, longer drawdowns = a rougher ride to the same return.
Quarter-end, dividend-adjusted (total return). Beta & volatility from quarterly returns (annualized). Benchmark is the S&P 500 (SPY total return). Annual returns compound the quarters ending in each calendar year; the first and last years in a window may be partial. Past performance doesn't predict future results.
| Step | Amount | Running total |
|---|---|---|
| Net income | $73M | $73M |
| Share-based comp | $65M | $138M |
| Other non-cash & working capital | $97M | $235M |
| Operating cash flow | $235M | $235M |
| Capex | −$6M | $229M |
| Free cash flow | $229M | $229M |
| FCF after SBC | $165M | $165M |
| Fiscal year | Revenue growth | Receivables growth | Gap |
|---|---|---|---|
| FY2020 | 7.0% | 15.4% | 8.4 points |
| FY2021 | 20.2% | 18.8% | -1.4 points |
| FY2022 | 13.3% | -2.0% | -15.3 points |
| FY2023 | 15.3% | 28.6% | 13.3 points |
| FY2024 | 8.5% | 30.0% | 21.5 points |
| FY2025 | 29.8% | 19.7% | -10.1 points |
| Fiscal year | DSO | DIO | DPO | Cash conversion cycle |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FY2019 | 64.3 days | not reported | 51.4 days | 12.9 days |
| FY2020 | 69.4 days | 0 days | 58.6 days | 10.7 days |
| FY2021 | 68.6 days | 16.5 days | 45.1 days | 40 days |
| FY2022 | 59.3 days | 19.5 days | 35.9 days | 42.9 days |
| FY2023 | 66.1 days | not reported | 35.7 days | 30.5 days |
| FY2024 | 79.2 days | not reported | 38.9 days | 40.3 days |
| FY2025 | 73.1 days | not reported | 31 days | 42.1 days |
| Fiscal year | Accruals / assets |
|---|---|
| FY2019 | -11.6 percent |
| FY2020 | -6.3 percent |
| FY2021 | -7.3 percent |
| FY2022 | -6.9 percent |
| FY2023 | -6.5 percent |
| FY2024 | -5.7 percent |
| FY2025 | -6.6 percent |
Below the line, the asset base is being consumed faster than it is replaced.
Below the line for 3 consecutive years to the latest.
Depreciation here includes amortisation of acquired intangibles — goodwill written down over time, customer lists, acquired technology. Capex does not replace those and is not meant to, so an acquisitive or asset-light company sits below 1.0 permanently and correctly. The signal is cleanest for capital-intensive businesses, where the two measure the same physical base. For that reason this informs the earnings-quality verdict but never caps it.
SBC is added back inside operating cash flow, so reported free cash flow treats shares issued to employees as free. Percent of revenue says how expensive the payroll is; percent of operating cash flow says how much of the cash exists only because the charge was added back. The buyback offset is buybacks over SBC — below 1.0 the repurchase does not cover the shares issued.
Figures are the latest fiscal year (FY2025) from the company's own filings, not a trailing-twelve-month window — Q2 reads fiscal years throughout so the cash-conversion ratios and these share one basis. A blank is a line the filer did not report; it is never read as zero.